
International Young Physicists’ Tournament(IYPT)全球青年物理學家錦標賽,也被稱為“Physics World Cup(物理世界杯)”,是一個需要中學生組隊參賽的科學學術活動。自1988年起,一年一度的IYPT從一個蘇聯地方性俄語的學術活動逐漸成長為一個全球最大最具聲望的國際物理學術活動之一。參與者需分享展示他們準備了好幾個月的科學問題解決方案,與其他團隊一起研究辯論,這個形式成為Physics Fights(PF),并最終將由國際專家組成的評審團對Reporter展示者、Opponent競爭者以及Reviewer評審員等進行評分。
2018年第31屆IYPT將在北京舉行,由The High School Affiliated to Renmin University of China (RDFZ)中國人民大學附屬中學舉辦。由于是國家級賽事且每個參賽國家僅只有一個團隊代表,因此中國參賽隊選拔將從China Young Physicists’ Tournament(CYPT)中國高中生物理創新學術活動中的優勝者組成。
CYPT全程參考IYPT舉辦的全國性賽事,旨在提高學生綜合運用所學知識分析解決實際物理問題的能力,培養學生的開放性思維能力。2018年CYPT將由南開大學舉辦,參賽學生就一些實際物理問題進行團隊合作研究,然后就其物理知識、理論分析、實驗方案、結果討論等進行辯論性比賽。不僅可以鍛煉學生的科研素質, 還能培養學生的合作精神和交流表達能力,使學生的知識、能力和素質全面協調發展。重點是南開大學將對參加訓練營的學生進行學科考核認定并頒發南開大學物理學科等級證書,獲得A等級認定資格的同學若高考報考南開大學并被錄取,在南開大學物理伯苓班(即南開大學物理拔尖學生培養試驗計劃)選拔時優先錄取。
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每年由International Organizing Committee (IOC)國際組織委員會確認題目并確保不晚于10月發布。2018年官方發出共17題學術活動題目,原題為英文如下所示,翻譯僅供參考:
Construct a simple seismograph that amplifies a local disturbance by mechanical, optical or electrical methods. Determine the typical response curve of your device and investigate the parameters of the damping constant. What is the maximum amplification that you can achieve?
制作一個保護生雞蛋的被動裝置,使得生雞蛋從2.5m的高度落到硬表面時能夠安全著陸。該裝置必須與雞蛋一同落下。你能做到的該裝置的最小尺寸是多少?
If a coloured material is ground to a powder, in some cases the resulting powder may have a different colour to that of the original material. Investigate how the degree of grinding affects the apparent colour of the powder.
如果將有色材料研磨成粉末,在某些情況下,所得到的粉末可能具有與原始材料不同的顏色。調查研磨程度如何影響粉末的表觀顏色。
Take a strongly cooled bottle and put a coin on its neck. Over time you will hear a noise and see movements of the coin. Explain this phenomenon and investigate how the relevant parameters affect the dance.
把一個硬幣放在一個極度冷卻的瓶子的瓶頸口上,一段時間后你會聽到聲音并觀察到這個硬幣的運動。解釋這一現象,并調查相關參數如何影響這個舞蹈。
Construct a Heron’s fountain and explain how it works. Investigate how the relevant parameters affect the height of the water jet.
構造一個海倫噴泉并解釋它怎樣工作。研究相關參數是如何影響水柱高度的。
When a drinking straw is placed in a glass of carbonated drink, it can rise up, sometimes toppling over the edge of the glass. Investigate and explain the motion of the straw and determine the conditions under which the straw will topple.
當吸管放置在碳酸飲料中時,它可能會浮起來,甚至有時候會翻倒在杯沿上。請研究并結束吸管的運動,解釋吸管會翻倒的條件。
An oiled horizontal cylindrical shaft rotates around its axis at constant speed. Make a ring from a cardboard disc with the inner diameter roughly twice the diameter of the shaft and put the ring on the shaft. Depending on the tilt of the ring, it can travel along the shaft in either direction. Investigate the phenomenon.
先讓涂油的水平圓柱軸以恒定的速度饒其軸線旋轉,再用紙板制作一個圓環,內徑為軸直徑的兩倍,并將其放在圓柱軸上。由于傾斜,圓環可以沿著軸的任一方向行進。請研究這個現象。
Non-adhesive granular materials can be poured such that they form a cone-like pile. Investigate the parameters that affect the formation of the cone and the angle it makes with the ground.
非粘性顆粒材料可以被澆筑成一個圓錐型的樁。研究影響椎體形成的參數及其與地面的角度。
A horizontal cylinder is partially filled with a viscous fluid. When the cylinder is rotated around its axis, unusual fluid behaviour can be observed, such as cusp-like shapes on the walls of the cylinder. Investigate the phenomenon.
一個水平圓柱內部分填充粘性流體,當圓柱體繞其軸線旋轉時,可以觀察到異常的流體行為,如圓柱體壁上的尖端形狀。研究這個現象。
Add some weight to a candle such that it barely floats in water. As the candle burns, it may continue to float. Investigate and explain this phenomenon.
當給在水中的蠟燭加些重量后,他就幾乎無法在水中漂浮。但是當蠟燭燃燒時,它可能繼續漂浮在水面。請研究并解釋這個現象。
A Tesla valve is a fixed-geometry, passive, one-direction valve. A Tesla valve offers a resistance to flow that is much greater in one direction compared to the other. Create such a Tesla valve and investigate its relevant parameters.
特斯拉閥是一個固定幾何形狀的、被動式單向閥(瓣膜管道)。選定一個方向后,一個特斯拉閥可以在相反方向上提供了一個大得多的流動阻力(即提供單向流體通道)。請創建一個這樣的特斯拉閥并研究其相關參數。
Fix one end of a horizontal elastic rod to a rigid stand. Support the other end of the rod with a taut string to avoid vertical deflection and suspend a bob from it on another string (see figure). In the resulting pendulum the radial oscillations (parallel to the rod) can spontaneously convert into azimuthal oscillations (perpendicular to the rod) and vice versa. Investigate the phenomenon.
將水平彈性桿的一端固定在剛性支架上。用一根繃緊的繩子支撐彈性桿的另一端以避免垂直偏轉,并將一個垂擺從另一根弦上懸掛下來(如圖所示)。在產生的鐘擺運動中,徑向震蕩(平行于桿)可以自發的轉變為方位震蕩(垂直于桿),反之亦然。研究這個現象。 
Make a nickel disc that can rotate freely around its axis. Place a magnet near the edge of the disc and heat this side of it. The disc starts to rotate. Investigate the parameters affecting the rotation and optimize the design for a steady motion.
制作一個可以繞軸自由旋轉的鎳盤,在圓盤的邊緣放一塊磁鐵并加熱這一面。圓盤開始旋轉。請研究影響旋轉的參數并對圓盤的穩定運動做優化設計。
It is commonly known that an hourglass changes its weight (as measured by a scale) while flowing. Investigate this phenomenon.
眾所周知,沙漏的質量(以某種方式稱量)會隨沙子的流動而發生變化,請研究這一現象。
When taking a picture of a glowing lantern at night, a number of rays emanating from the centre of the lantern may appear in the pictures. Explain and investigate this phenomenon.
在晚上給一個點燃的提燈拍照,會有大量從提燈中心發出的光線顯示在照片上,請研究并解釋這一現象。
When blowing on a soap film in a ring, a bubble may be formed. The liquid film may pop or continue to exist. Investigate how the number of bubbles produced from a single soap film and the characteristics of the bubbles depend on the relevant parameters.
當你吹一個有肥皂泡膜的圓環時,可能會吹出一個肥皂泡泡。而這個肥皂泡的液體表面會破掉也可能會繼續存在。請嘗試研究相關參數如何決定一個液面可以生成的泡泡數量以及生成的泡泡特征。
Small objects can levitate in acoustic standing waves. Investigate the phenomenon. To what extent can you manipulate the objects?
較小的物體可以在聲學駐波中懸浮,試著研究這一現象。請問你可以多大程度的操縱這個物體?
The current craze of water bottle flipping involves launching a partially filled plastic bottle into the air so that it performs a somersault before landing on a horizontal surface in a stable, upright position. Investigate the phenomenon and determine the parameters that will result in a successful flip.
當下有個十分熱門的水瓶投擲游戲:把一個半滿的塑料水瓶扔到半空中,它會翻幾個筋斗后平穩垂直的掉落在水平面上。請研究這個現象并解釋什么樣的參數可以使游戲成功。
Authors: John Balcombe, Samuel Byland, Nikita Chernikov, Kent Hogan, Mihály H?m?strei, Dina Izadi, Andrei Klishin, Frantisek Kundracik, Ilya Martchenko, Florian Ostermaier, Jelena Pajovic, Kerry Parker, Carmen Parton, Oksana Pshenichko, Igor Timoshchenko, Lise
Problem selection committee: John Balcombe, Samuel Byland, Ilya Martchenko
Epigraph selected by Evgeny Yunosov
The Winners’ Cup獎杯:決賽中勝出的隊伍
1st place Certificates & Gold Medals第一名證書及金牌:所有參與決賽的隊伍
2nd place Certificates & Silver Medals第二名證書及銀牌:未參加決賽中排名前五的團隊
3rd place Certificates & Bronze medals第三名證書及銅牌:所有完成決賽的學生排名前50%的團隊
Certificates of Participation參與證書:所有剩余學生都將獲得
各團隊領隊也將獲得各自團隊的排名。
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