CIE IGCSE Biology: 復(fù)習(xí)筆記：6.1.2 Chlorophyll Chlorophyll Chlorophyll is a?green pigment?that is found in?chloroplasts?within plant cells It is this pigment which gives plants their characteristic...
CIE IGCSE Biology: 復(fù)習(xí)筆記：6.1.1 Photosynthesis Photosynthesis Green plants make the carbohydrate?glucose?from the raw materials?carbon dioxide?and?water At the same time?oxygen?is ...
Factors Affecting Membrane Structure & Permeability The?permeability?of?cell membranes?is affected by different?factors?or conditions, such as: Temperature Solvent concentration Temperat...
CIE IGCSE Biology: 復(fù)習(xí)筆記：5.1.5 Enzymes & pH: Extended Enzymes & pH: Extended The optimum pH for most enzymes is 7 but some that are produced in acidic conditions, such as the stomach, h...
Roles of Membranes Membranes are?vital?structures found in all cells The?cell surface membrane?creates an enclosed space separating the internal cell environment from the external environment Intra...
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Practical: Measuring Enzyme Activity The?progress?of?enzyme-catalysed reactions?can be investigated by: Measuring the?rate of formation of a product Measuring the?rate of disappearance of a substra...
Coenzymes, Cofactors & Prosthetic Groups There are substances?other than?substrates and inhibitors that?interact?with?enzymes Some enzymes can only?function properly?if another?non-protein subs...
Enzyme Inhibitors Reversible inhibitors An enzyme's activity can be reduced or stopped,?temporarily, by a?reversible inhibitor There are?two types?of reversible inhibitors: Competitive?inhibitors h...
Enzyme Activity: Substrate Concentration The?greater?the?substrate concentration, the?higher?the?rate of reaction: As the number of substrate molecules increases, the likelihood of enzyme-substrate...
Enzyme Activity: Enzyme Concentration Enzyme concentration affects the rate of reaction The?higher?the?enzyme concentration?in a reaction mixture, the?greater the number of active sites?available a...
Enzyme Activity: Temperature Enzymes have a specific?optimum temperature This is the temperature at which they catalyse a reaction at the?maximum rate Lower temperatures?either?prevent?react...
