Industrial Compromises The Haber Process is, once again, a good example of the need for a compromise of reaction conditions in industrial processes N2?(g) + 3H2?(g) ? 2NH3?(g) The reaction i...
Le Chatelier's Principle Position of the equilibrium The?position of the equilibrium?refers to the relative amounts of products and reactants in an equilibrium mixture When the position of e...
Dynamic Equilibrium Reversible reaction Some reactions go to completion where the reactants are used up to form the products The reaction stops when all of the reactants are used up In?rever...
Catalysts in Industry Catalysts can be divided into two types: Homogeneous?catalysts Heterogeneous?catalysts Homogeneous?means that the catalyst is in the?same phase?as the reactants ...
Temperature Effects Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution curve A?Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution curve?is a graph that shows the distribution of?energies?at a certain?temperature In a sample of a g...
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Calculating Rates of Reaction To measure the?rate of a reaction, we need to be able to measure either how quickly the reactants are used up or how quickly the products are formed The method ...
Collision Theory & Rates Collision Theory When reactants come together the kinetic energy they possess means their particles will collide and some of these collisions will result in chem...
Bond Enthalpy Definitions When bonds are broken or made?enthalpy changes?take place A chemical bond is a force of attraction between two atoms Breaking the bond requires the input of energy ...
Constructing Hess Cycles In 1840, the Russian chemist Germain Hess formulated a law which went on to be known as?Hess’s Law This went on to form the basis of one of the laws of thermodynamics. The ...
Calculating Energy Transferred, Q Measuring enthalpy changes Calorimetry?is the measurement enthalpy changes in chemical reactions A simple?calorimeter?can be made from a?polystyrene drinkin...
Enthalpy Level Diagrams The total chemical energy inside a substance is called the?enthalpy?(or heat content) When chemical reactions take place, changes in chemical energy take place and th...
