Chirality & Drug Production Most of the drugs that are used to treat diseases contain?one or more?chiral centres These drugs can therefore exist as?enantiomers?which differ from each other in t...
Properties of Enantiomers Stereoisomers?are molecules that have the same?structural formula?but have the atoms arranged differently in space There are two types of stereoisomerism Geometrical (cis/...
Shape of Benzene & Aromatic Molecules Aromatic molecules?consist of one or more rings with?conjugated?π systems Conjugated π systems?arise from alternating double and single bonds in which the ...
Terminology Used in Reaction Mechanisms (AL) Organic reactions are often associated with?terminology?students should be familiar with Two of these important terms include: Electrophilic substitutio...
Nomenclature of Aliphatic Compounds (AL) Students are required to use?systematic nomenclature?of simple?aliphatic compounds The following method can be applied when naming organic compounds: Identi...
Formulae of Organic Compounds (AL) Students are expected to interpret and use the following formulae of organic compounds General formula Structural formula Displayed formula Skeletal formula Formu...
8月，對于2023Fall留學美國的學生而言，來年秋季入學申請即將開始，需要抓緊時間考出成績，補上不足之處，避免措手不及。 從往年看，大部分學校會在9月開放申請，距離現在只有不到一個月的時間！ 近期部分美國院...
Functional Groups of Organic Compounds (AL) Many organic compounds contain one or more?functional groups A functional group is an?atom?or?group of atoms?in an organic molecule, that determines its?...
Effect of Ligand Exchange on Stability Constant The stability constants (Kstab) of ligands are often given on a log10?scale so that it becomes easier to compare them with each other Ligand exchange...
Define & Write a Stability Constant for a Complex When transition element ions are in aqueous solutions, they will automatically become hydrated Water molecules will surround the ion and act as...
Geometrical & Optical Stereoisomerism in Complexes Transition element complexes can exhibit?stereoisomerism ?Geometrical (cis-trans) isomerism Even though transition element complexes do not ha...
Calculations of Other Redox Systems You are required to perform calculations involving?redox reactions?of transition elements These include: Constructing redox equations Calculating oxidation state...
