Testing for Carbonyls: 2,4-DNPH 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (also known as?2,4-DNPH) is a reagent which detects the presence of?carbonyl compounds?(compounds with -C=O group) The carbonyl group of?a...
Reaction of Hydrogen Cyanide with Aldehydes & Ketones The carbonyl group -C=O, in aldehydes and ketones is?polarised The oxygen atom is more?electronegative?than carbon drawing electron density...
Reactions of Aldehydes & Ketones Reduction of aldehyde & ketones Aldehydes?and?ketones?can be reduced by reducing agents such as NaBH4?or LiAlH4 Aldehydes are reduced to?primary alcohols Ke...
Production of Aldehydes & Ketones Aldehydes?and?ketones?are carbonyl compounds containing a C=O group They can be prepared from the oxidation of?primary?and?secondary?alcohols?respectively Oxid...
Acidity of Alcohols Alcohols have a?low degree of dissociation This means, that when dissolved in water, alcohol molecules do not?dissociate?(split up) to a great extent ROH (aq) ? RO- (aq) + H+ (a...
Classifying Alcohols Primary?alcohols?are alcohols in which the carbon atom bonded to the -OH group is attached to?one?other carbon atom (or alkyl group) Secondary?alcohols?are alcohols in which th...
Reactions of Alcohols Alcohols?are reactive molecules which undergo a wide range of reactions Combustion of alcohols Alcohols react with oxygen in the air when ignited and undergo?complete combusti...
2022《紐約時報》夏季讀寫比賽?? 報名即將截止！ 學術活動時間：2022年6月10日-8月19日 2022紐約時報夏季讀寫比賽? 自2010年起， 《紐約時報》每年夏天都會舉辦的夏季讀寫比賽，目前全球已有超過8萬名中學生參與...
Production of Alcohols Alcohols?are compounds that contain at least one?hydroxy?(-OH) group The general formula of alcohols is?CnH2n+1OH Alcohols can be prepared by a wide range of chemical reactio...
Reactivity of Halogenoalkanes The halogenoalkanes have different?rates?of?substitution?reactions Since substitution reactions involve?breaking?the?carbon-halogen?bond the?bond?energies?can be used ...
Halogenoalkanes: SN1 & SN2 Mechanisms In?nucleophilic substitution?reactions involving halogenoalkanes, the halogen atom is replaced by a nucleophile These reactions can occur in two different ...
Halogenoalkanes: Elimination Reactions In an?elimination?reaction, an organic molecule loses a small molecule In the case of halogenoalkanes this small molecule is a hydrogen halide (eg. HCl) The h...
