Properties of Covalent Compounds The physical properties of?molecular covalent compounds?are largely influenced by their?intermolecular forces If you know the type of?intermolecular forces?present ...
Deducing Intermolecular Forces In order to deduce the types of?intermolecular forces?present in molecules you need information about the structure and chemical formula of the molecules The chemical...
Language of Functions Language of functions The language of functions has many keywords associated with it that need to be understood What are mappings? A?mapping?takes an ‘inp...
Intermolecular Forces There are no covalent bonds between molecules in molecular covalent compounds. There are, however, forces of attraction between these molecules, and it is these which must be ...
Proportional Relationships Proportional relationships Proportional relationships describe a proportional connection between two variables This can happen in two ways Direct proportion one va...
Giant Covalent Structures Covalent lattices Covalent bonds?are bonds between nonmetals in which electrons are?shared?between the atoms In some cases, it is not possible to satisfy the bonding capac...
Molecular Polarity Assigning polarity to molecules There is a difference between?bond polarity?and?molecular polarity? To determine whether a molecule?is polar, the following things have to be take...
Predicting Shapes & Bond Angles Before you predict the shape of any molecule work out the Lewis structure to determine the number of bonding and lone pairs Apply the VSEPR rules and you should ...
Shapes of Molecules When an atom forms a covalent bond with another atom, the electrons in the different bonds and the non-bonding electrons in the outer shell all behave as negatively charged clou...
Resonance Structures The delocalization of electrons can explain the structures of some species that don’t seem to fit with a Lewis structure Delocalized electrons are electrons in a molecule, ion ...
Lewis Structures Lewis structures?are simplified electron shell diagrams and show pairs of electrons around atoms. A pair of electrons can be represented by dots, crosses, a combination of dots and...
Bond Polarity When two atoms in a covalent bond have the?same electronegativity?the covalent bond is?nonpolar The two chlorine atoms have identical electronegativities so the bonding electrons are ...
