Rate of Reaction Reaction rate Some reactions take place instantly, but most are much slower and it is possible to measure how long these reactions take to reach a certain stage As a chemical react...
Kinetic Theory The?kinetic theory?developed in the 18th?century out of a need to explain how it is that gases exert pressure inside a container Theories about gas particles and movement were extend...
Case study: Ozone & Bond Strength A study of?bond enthalpy?can explain why ozone and oxygen in the atmosphere play very different roles in the flow of energy These processes have a profound eff...
Energy Profiles An energy profile or energy level diagram is a diagram that shows the energies of the reactants, the?transition state(s)?and the products of the reaction with time The?transition st...
Bond Enthalpy Calculations Bond energies are used to find the ΔHr??of a reaction when this cannot be done experimentally The process is a step-by-step summation of the bond enthalpies of the all th...
Bonds & Energy When bonds are broken or made?enthalpy changes?take place A chemical bond is a force of attraction between two atoms Breaking the bond requires the input of energy it is therefor...
Using ?Hf° to Find Enthalpy Changes Standard Enthalpy of Formation is defined as “The enthalpy change when one mole of a compound is formed from its elements under standard conditions” We can use e...
Hess's Law using Equations We can use Hess’s Law to solve unknown enthalpy changes by combining equations This requires a methodical step-by-step approach It is necessary to identify how the given ...
Hess's Law using Cycles There are two common methods to solving Hess's Law problems, using cycles and using equations To be successful in using cycles you need to follow carefully a step-by-step pl...
