Background Radiation Background radiation describes the low level of radiation present in the surroundings at all times There are two types of sources of background radiation: Natural source...
Inverse-Square Law of Gamma Radiation As an electromagnetic wave, gamma radiation shares many of the same wave properties as light Light sources which are further away appear fainter because...
Edexcel IGCSE Chemistry 復(fù)習(xí)筆記 1.7.3 Simple Molecular Structures Simple Molecular Structures Simple molecular structures have covalent bonds joining the atoms together, but intermolecular ...
Calculating Normal Probabilities How do I find probabilities using a normal distribution? How do I calculate P(X?=?x): the probability of a single value for a normal distribution?? The probability ...
Alpha, Beta & Gamma Radiation Alpha Particles Alpha (α) particles?are high energy particles made up of?2 protons and 2 neutrons?(the same as a helium nucleus) They are usually emitted fr...
Edexcel IGCSE Chemistry 復(fù)習(xí)筆記 1.7.2 Covalent Bonds: Dot & Cross Diagrams Covalent Bonds: Dot & Cross Diagrams Covalent substances tend to have small molecular structures, such as ...
Edexcel IGCSE Chemistry 復(fù)習(xí)筆記 1.7.1 Formation of Covalent Bonds Formation of Covalent Bonds Non-metal atoms can share electrons with other non-metal atoms to obtain a?full?outer?shell?of ...
Changing Models of the Nucleus John Dalton’s Model (1803) Dalton imagined that all matter was made of tiny solid particles called atoms Dalton’s model proposed: Atoms are the smallest consti...
Rutherford Scattering Evidence for the structure of the atom was discovered by Ernest Rutherford in the beginning of the 20th century from the study of?α-particle scattering The experimental...
