Combustion Alkanes are?combusted?(burnt) on a large scale for their use as fuels Complete combustion When alkanes are burnt in?excess?(plenty of) oxygen,?complete combustion?will take place ...
Cracking Alkanes?are hydrocarbons that can be produced by the?addition?reaction?of hydrogen to an alkene or by?cracking?of longer alkane chains Crude oil Crude oil is a?mixture?of hydrocarbo...
Stereoisomerism: Geometrical Isomerism Stereoisomers?are compounds that have the same atoms connected to each other, however the atoms are differently arranged in space There are two types o...
Molecules: Straight, Branched & Cyclic Straight, branched and cyclic organic molecules are also called?aliphatic?compounds as long as they do not contain a?benzene ring Straight-chain St...
Nomenclature Systematic nomenclature?can be used to name organic compounds and therefore make it easier to refer to them The?alkanes?provide the basis of the naming system and the?stem?of ea...
Types of Formulae The?general formula?is a formula that represents a?homologous series?of compounds using letters and numbers Eg. the general formula of alkanes is CnH2n+2 A homologous serie...
Reactions of Halide Ions A?disproportionation?reaction?is a reaction in which the same species is both oxidised and reduced The reaction of?chlorine?with?dilute alkali?is an example of a dis...
Testing for Halides Silver ions & ammonia Halide ions can be identified in an?unknown?solution?by dissolving the solution in?nitric acid?and then adding?silver nitrate solution dropwise ...
Halogens: Oxidising Agents Halogens react with metals by accepting an electron from the metal atom to become an ion with 1- charge Eg.? ?Ca (s) + Cl2?(g) → CaCl2?(s)??consisting of?Ca2+?and?...
