Absolute Zero On the thermodynamic (Kelvin) temperature scale, absolute zero is defined as: The lowest temperature possible. Equal to 0 K or -273.15 °C It is not possible to have a temperature lowe...
Internal Energy Energy can be classified into two forms: kinetic or potential energy The molecules of all substances contain both kinetic and potential energies Kinetic energy is due to the speed o...
Core Practical 13: Determine the specific latent heat of a phase change Aims of the Experiment To determine the specific latent heat of ice Variables: Independent variable?= Energy of the heater (J...
Core Practical 12: Calibrating a Thermistor Aim of the Experiment To calibrate a thermistor so it can be used as a thermometer Variables Independent variable?= temperature (oC) Dependent variable?=...
Specific Heat Capacity Specific heat capacity is defined as: the energy required to raise the temperature of one kilogram of a substance by one kelvin The increase in temperature of an object depen...
Particle Interaction Equations All particle interactions must obey a set of conservation laws. These are conservation of: Charge,?Q Baryon number,?B Lepton Number,?L Energy (or mass-energy) Momentu...
Applying Conservation Laws When particles interact, they must obey a set of laws associated to the type of particles invovled These laws are governed by numbers called?quantum numbers Quantum numbe...
Properties of Antimatter The universe is made up of?matter?particles (protons, neutrons, electrons etc.) All matter particles have antimatter counterparts Antimatter particles are?identical?to thei...
Baryons & Mesons All particles of?matter?are made up of either?quarks?and/or?leptons The?standard?model?of particle physics categorises quarks and leptons by charge and mass Quarks and leptons ...
