Nucleophilic Substitution: Reactions A?nucleophile?is an electron-rich species that can?donate?a pair of electrons ‘Nucleophile’ means ‘nucleus / positive charge loving’ as nucleophiles are ...
Classifying Halogenoalkanes Naming halogenoalkanes We use the prefixes Fluoro?for fluorine Chloro?for chlroine Bromo?for bromine Iodo?for iodine The name of the halogenoalkane is based on th...
Disposal of Polymers Polymers provide a readily available, cheap alternative to many metal, glass, paper and cardboard materials in everyday use The?low reactivity?of many polymers makes the...
Addition Polymerisation Addition polymerisation Addition polymerisation?is one of the most important addition reactions of alkenes which form the basis of the plastics industry Addition poly...
近幾年，隨著英本申請越來越“卷”，很多學生除了鉚足勁提升學術成績，還把目光轉向了學術背景的提升。于是，EPQ項目就成為了家長和學生眼中的“最優(yōu)選項”。epq課程對申請真的有用嗎？一起來看看吧。 以往，一部分同...
Saturation Test Halogens can be used to test if a molecule is?unsaturated?(i.e. contains a double bond) Br2(aq) is an orange or yellow solution, called?bromine water?and this is the halogen ...
Electrophilic Addition Mechanism Electrophilic addition of hydrogen halides Hydrogen halides such as hydrogen bromide (HBr) are polar as the hydrogen and halogen atoms have different electro...
Electrophilic Addition The double bond in alkenes is an area of high electron density (there are four electrons found in this double bond) This makes the double bond susceptible to attack by...
Bonding in Alkenes Each carbon atom has four electrons in its outer shell (electronic configuration: 1s22s22p2) Carbon atoms share these four electrons in four covalent bonds with other atom...
