Dot & Cross Diagrams Dot and cross diagrams?are diagrams that show the arrangement of the outer-shell electrons in an?ionic?or?covalent?compound or element The electrons are shown as dots and c...
A-Level大考今日放榜，同學(xué)們可以抓緊時間查詢自己的分數(shù)。出分后，AS階段的考生若對此次A-Level成績滿意，即可著手準備2023年的留學(xué)事宜；A2階段的考生若成績滿足院校申請要求，那么后續(xù)只需等待相應(yīng)院校的確認...
此前由于疫情原因，各個國際大考相繼出現(xiàn)考試形式的更改問題，其中個別地區(qū)的A-Level大考就因此轉(zhuǎn)換為POE或TAG形式，許多同學(xué)不免擔憂評估出分會導(dǎo)致高分通脹情況。 同學(xué)們的擔憂是否會成為既定事實？相信隨著今...
Comparing Bonds to Intermolecular Forces Intramolecular forces Intramolecular forces?are forces?within?a molecule Ionic bonding?is the?electrostatic attraction?between?positive?(cations) and?negati...
van der Waals' Forces & Dipoles Covalent bonds are strong?intramolecular forces Molecules also contain weaker?intermolecular forces?which are forces?between?molecules These intermolecular force...
Polarity & Dipole Moments Electronegativity?is the ability of an atom to draw a pair of electrons towards itself in a covalent bond Electronegativity?increases?across a Period and?decreases?goi...
Hydrogen Bonding Hydrogen bonding Hydrogen bonding?is the?strongest?form of?intermolecular bonding Intermolecular bonds are bonds?between?molecules Hydrogen bonding is a type of?permanent dipole – ...
Covalent Bonding: Bond Energy & Length Bond energy The?bond energy?is the energy required to?break?one mole of a particular covalent bond in the gaseous states Bond energy has units of kJ mol-1...
Covalent Bonding: Orbitals & Hybridisation Bond overlap in covalent bonds A single?covalent?bond?is formed when two nonmetals combine Each atom that combines has an?atomic?orbital?containing a ...
