Halogens The halogens These are the group 17 non-metals that are?poisonous?and include fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine and astatine Halogens are?diatomic, meaning they form molecules of?two?ato...
Alkali Metals The group 1 metals The group 1 metals are called the?alkali metals?because they form?alkaline solutions?with high pH values when reacted with water Group 1 metals are lithium, sodium,...
Oxides Oxides across a period The?acid-base?character of the oxides provides evidence of chemical trends in the periodic table The broad trend is that oxides change from?basic?through?amphoteric?to...
Metallic & Non-metallic Periodic trends can also be seen in the typical properties of metals and non-metals which are summarised below: The typical properties of metals and non-metals The typic...
Electronegativity: Definition Electronegativity?is the ability of an atom to attract a pair of electrons towards itself in a covalent bond This phenomenon arises from the?positive?nucleus’s ability...
Electron Affinity When atoms gain electrons they become negative ions or?anions Electron affinity (EA)?can be thought of as the opposite process of ionisation energy and is defined as The amount of...
First Ionisation Energy The?ionisation?energy?(IE) of an element is the amount of energy required to remove?one mole?of electrons from?one mole?of atoms of an element in the gaseous state to form?o...
Atomic & Ionic Radius Atomic radius The?atomic?radius?of an element is a measure of the size of an atom It is the distance between the?nucleus?of an atom and the outermost electron shell It can...
Structure of the Periodic Table The?periodic table?is a list of all known elements arranged in order of?increasing atomic number,?from 1 to 118. In addition to this, the elements are arranged in su...
