Concentrations of Solutions Standard solutions Chemists routinely prepare solutions needed for analysis, whose concentrations are known precisely These solutions are termed?standard solutions They ...
Real Gas Behaviour The?ideal gas equation?does not fit all measurements and observations taken at all conditions with real gases The relationship between pressure, volume and temperature shows sign...
Gas Law Relationships Gases?in a container exert a?pressure?as the gas molecules are constantly?colliding?with the walls of the container Gas particles exert a pressure by constantly colliding with...
Ideal Gas Equation Kinetic theory of gases The kinetic theory of gases?states that molecules in gases are constantly moving The theory makes the following assumptions: The gas molecules are moving ...
Avogadro's Law Volumes of gases In 1811 the Italian scientist Amedeo?Avogadro?developed a theory about the volume of gases Avogadro’s law?(also called?Avogadro’s hypothesis)?enables the mole ratio ...
Reaction Yields Percentage yield In a lot of reactions, not all reactants react to form products which can be due to several factors: Other reactions take place simultaneously The reaction does not...
Reacting Masses & Limiting Reactants The number of moles of a substance can be found by using the following equation: It is important to be clear about the type of particle you are referring to...
Empirical & Molecular Formulae The?molecular?formula?is the formula that shows the?number?and?type?of each atom in a molecule E.g. the molecular formula of ethanoic acid is C2H4O2 The?empirical...
Moles, Particles & Masses Since atoms are so small, any sensible laboratory quantity of substance must contain a huge number of atoms Such numbers are not convenient to work with, so using?mole...
