Mass Difference & Binding Energy Experiments into nuclear structure have found that the total mass of a nucleus is?less?than the sum of the masses of its constituent nucleons This differ...
Energy & Mass Equivalence Einstein showed in his?theory of relativity?that matter can be considered a form of energy and hence, he proposed: Mass can be converted into energy Energy can ...
Edexcel IGCSE Chemistry 復(fù)習(xí)筆記 2.2.2 Group 7: Reactivity & Electronic Configurations Group 7: Reactivity & Electronic Configurations When halogen atoms gain an electron during reac...
Constant Density of Nuclear Material Assuming that the nucleus is spherical, its volume is equal to: Where?R?is the nuclear radius, which is related to mass number,?A, by the equation: Where...
最近，非常多同學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)Alevel生物。而生物作為一個探究人生奧秘的熱門學(xué)科，卻似乎因為專業(yè)性強(qiáng)，門檻高將同學(xué)們拒之于外。相信同學(xué)們都幻想過，忽然有一天學(xué)習(xí)生物變得有趣又令人著迷，再也不會枯燥了。這種想法...
Edexcel IGCSE Chemistry 復(fù)習(xí)筆記 2.2.1 Group 7 (Halogens) Physical Properties The elements in group 7 are known as the halogens These are fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine and astatine &nb...
Edexcel IGCSE Chemistry 復(fù)習(xí)筆記 2.1.2 Group 1: Reactivity & Electronic Configurations Group 1: Reactivity & Electronic Configurations The reactivity of the group 1 metals?increases?...
Edexcel IGCSE Chemistry 復(fù)習(xí)筆記 2.1.1 Group 1 (Alkali Metals) How Alkali Metals React with Water The group 1 metals are known as the alkali metals They form?alkaline solutions?when they rea...
Edexcel IGCSE Chemistry 復(fù)習(xí)筆記 1.9.4 Practical: Investigate the Electrolysis of Aqueous Solutions Practical: Investigate the Electrolysis of Aqueous Solutions Aim: To electrolyse aqueous solution...
