加威教育計算機科學(Computer Science)之“五問五答”（上）

Computer Science

加威教育計算機科學(Computer Science)之“五問五答”（下）

1.????Q: What is computer science?

一問：什么是計算機科學？

A: The essence of computer science is to, with assistance of computer processor and software, solve real-world problems. Simply put, Computer Science is a school of study that makes the most of the knowledge from computer programming and software. In reality, computers view the world (or the world in theirs heads) as different types of data and then, manipulate and utilize these data. Basically,? countless of real-world circumstances can be illustrated by programming, or coding. One suitable example will be the task of handling the busy traffic,? where we should view each passing car, interp, and traffic light as a certain object. In the realm of computer science, an object is a thing that has its own attributes and behaviors. Handling each object separately will help us simplify the whole problem.

一答：計算機科學的核心要義就是利用計算機解決現實生活中的種種問題。簡而言之，計算機科學是一門依托計算機軟件和處理系統的實用科學，它利用計算機本身高效的處理速度和各種各樣復雜的功能，去解決人們生活中遇到的具體問題。實際上，計算機是這樣看待它們心中的世界的：所有的不同種類的事物都是某種數據，將這些數據打包、整理、處理、再輸出是它們最重要的工作。生活中很多情形都可以利用計算機來模擬并且處理。舉個例子來說，在處理繁忙的交通車流量問題時，我們可以把每輛車、每個路口、每個交通信號燈都當做一個對象（在計算機科學里被稱為Object），每個對象都有與之對應的屬性和表現，我們分別處理即可，整個問題就會變得簡單明了化。

2.????Q: What are some of the most popular programming languages?

二問：哪些計算機編程語言比較流行呢？

A: For the time being, Java, C++, and Python are probably the three most popular programming languages globally. Each of them has some advantages and disadvantages. For instance, Java and Python are easier to learn, with simpler formats and syntax. Meanwhile, C++ is more time-efficient and closer to the operating system. Normally, it is highly advisable for starters to learn Java and Python first.

二答：目前來說，Java、C++、Python很可能是最流行的三種計算機編程語言。當然，他們當中每一個都有優缺點。比如說，Java和Python比較容易學習和上手，它們有相對簡單的語法結構和形式。與Java和Python比較而言，C++更具高效性，更接近于計算機的處理系統。對于初學者來說，Java和Python還是比較容易上手的。

3.????Q: What can you do with computer science/programming/coding?

三問：利用計算機科學/編程/打碼，你具體能做些什么呢？

A: Just like the essence of computer science, you can solve many real-world problems by means of coding. For example, you can design an APP to help you choose the most suitable career in the future, or you can write some code to solve a hard puzzle, or you can simply write some code to find out the shortest path out from a certain maze. Anyway, programming makes your life easier.

三答：正如計算機科學的核心要義一樣，你可以利用編程去解決相當多的日常生活中遇到的問題。舉個例子來說，你可以創造一個APP去幫助自己選擇一個最適合自己的未來職業；你可以利用編程去解決一個用手根本無法解決的復雜難題；你還可以利用編程去找一條最短的離開迷宮的路線。總而言之，編程能力一定會使你的生活變得方便和輕松很多。

4.????Q: What is programming language? What is machine language? How does it differ than the machine language?

四問：什么是編程語言？什么是計算機語言？兩者之間有何區別？

A: Normally, when people are talking about programming language, they are referring to those HLLs, or High Level Languages. For instance, Java, Python, C++ are all high-level languages. Basically, high level languages are human-readable and human-understandable programming language. To be more specific, in Java, if you want to print something like “I love computer science!” out on the console, you will just need to type “System.out.println(“I love computer science!”)”. Then your computer will totally understand this in Java and print it out on the screen for you to see. Machine language, on the other hand, is literally made of ones and zeroes, such as “10101011” and “00001”. Your computer is able to directly understand the machine language. However, HLL will need to be compiled and converted to machine language in order for computers to work.

四答：通常來說，當人們討論編程語言，他們往往指的是高級編程語言。Java、Python、C++都是高級編程語言。大體來說，高級編程語言是一種人類能看懂的，按照一定規則來執行的語句或段落。更具體來說，拿Java來舉個例子，如果你想在屏幕上打出“我熱愛計算機科學！”這行字，你只需要輸入“System.out.println(“我熱愛計算機科學!”)；”. 這樣，你的電腦就知道你是要用Java編程語言去打出這些字了。計算機語言，相較于高級編程語言，則完全是由0和1構成的，比如說“10101011”和“00001”. 你的計算機能夠直接理解你寫的任何計算機語言，然而，你的計算機并不能直接理解高級編程語言。這些高級編程語言往往需要被轉化為計算機語言，才能被執行。