5月機(jī)考SAT考前“抱佛腳”單詞盤點(diǎn)

即離5月亞太機(jī)考只有幾天了。俗話說，“臨陣磨槍，不快也亮”老師整理了30多個(gè)在23年3月、1月和22年11月、9月、4月共五次機(jī)考SAT中出現(xiàn)過的詞匯，供同學(xué)們考前“抱佛腳”用。

今天先了解一下機(jī)考SAT真題中曾經(jīng)出現(xiàn)過的兩個(gè)專有名詞：

Dollar Store? 廉價(jià)商品商店；“一元店”a shop that sells items very cheaply；a store that sells inexpensive items priced usually at a dollar or a few dollars

另外一個(gè)涉及到美國(guó)歷史，這個(gè)單詞是Underground， 也叫Underground Railroad，意思不是真的在地下修了一條鐵路，而是指大概1830年代到1860年代，南方黑奴在各個(gè)城市的一些白人和自由黑人的幫助下，為獲自由而偷偷地輾轉(zhuǎn)多地跑到北方，形成的多條慣用逃跑路線。

這里的underground的意思是指“秘密的，地下的”（of or relating to the secret activities of people working to subvert an established order）

美國(guó)著名作家科爾森·懷特海德（Colson Whitehead）寫了一本長(zhǎng)篇小說《Underground》，講的就是那段故事，2016年出版后獲美國(guó)國(guó)家圖書獎(jiǎng)、、普利策獎(jiǎng)，被譯成多種文字（包括中譯本），2021年改編成同名電視劇電視劇。

2020年9月北美SAT和2017年10月ACT考到了科爾森·懷特海德寫的同一篇小說《Sag Harbor 》，2020年9月23日School Day SAT考了懷特海德的另一篇長(zhǎng)篇小說《約翰·亨利日》（John Henry Days）。

另外語法部分出現(xiàn)了一個(gè)不太常用的副詞，elsewhere。請(qǐng)同學(xué)們注意在倒裝句中，elsewhere放在句首的情況，比如：

Elsewhere?in the same book she gives another date.

她在同一本書的另一處給出了另一個(gè)（不同的）日期。

這個(gè)副詞放在句首，帶有微弱的轉(zhuǎn)折的意思。

接下來是30個(gè)比較普通的單詞，動(dòng)詞居多，也有形容詞。里面有一些生詞（略高過高中要求，高中生一般不認(rèn)識(shí)的單詞），也有一些是紙筆考SAT也喜歡考的熟詞的生僻義。

prevail vi.占優(yōu)勢(shì)，占上風(fēng)；獲勝prove more powerful than opposing forces; be victorious

不及物動(dòng)詞，通常和介詞over連用

例句：It is hard for logic to prevail over emotion.

邏輯很難戰(zhàn)勝感情。

eclipse vt. 掩沒（某人或物的）重要性 （或地位、聲譽(yù)），使失色deprive (someone or something) of significance, power, or prominence

例句：The state of the economy has eclipsed the environment as the main issue.

經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況超過環(huán)境問題而成為主要問題。

counteract vt.對(duì)抗；阻礙；抵制；抵消；中和act against (something) in order to reduce its force or neutralize it

同學(xué)們請(qǐng)注意，act是不及物動(dòng)詞，但是counteract卻是及物動(dòng)詞，后面直接跟賓語

例句：The drug counteracts the effects of the poison.

這種藥可抵消毒物的作用。

constrict vt. 抑制，限制；約束restrict

例句：The fear and the reality of crime constrict many people's lives.

對(duì)犯罪的恐懼和罪惡的現(xiàn)實(shí)束縛了許多人的生活

rectify vt. 糾正，矯正；修正，整頓put (something) right; correct

例句:Mistakes made now cannot be rectified later.

現(xiàn)在犯下的錯(cuò)誤今后無法糾正。

reverberate vi.不斷發(fā)生后效，不斷引起反響have continuing and serious effects

例句:The statements by the professor reverberated through the Capitol.

教授的話不斷在國(guó)會(huì)引起反響。

spurious adj. 假的；偽造的;（推理方法）貌似真實(shí)的，似是而非的,站不住腳的not being what it purports to be; false or fake; (of a line of reasoning) apparently but not actually valid

例句: This spurious reasoning results in nonsense.

這種站不住腳的推理到頭來都是廢話。

transpose vt. 轉(zhuǎn)移，遷移；轉(zhuǎn)換transfer to a different place or context

例句:The themes are transposed from the sphere of love to that of work.

主題從愛情轉(zhuǎn)到了工作。

vt. 使變形，轉(zhuǎn)變，使變化

change into a new form

例句：He transposed a gaffe by the mayor into a public-relations advantage.

他把市長(zhǎng)的失態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)變成了公關(guān)優(yōu)勢(shì)。

yield vt. 產(chǎn)生（效果、收益等）；帶來（of an action or process) produce or deliver (a result, or gain)

例句：This method yields the same results.

這種方法產(chǎn)生同樣的結(jié)果。

dictate vt.&vi. 控制；支配；決定control or decisively affect; determine

例句1：:Choice is often dictated by availability.

選擇往往決定于是否有可能。

例句2：A review process can be changed as circumstances dictate.

審查過程可能會(huì)視具體情況的需要而有所改變。

mitigate vt. 使溫和；使緩和、緩解；減輕（痛苦）make less severe, serious, or painful

例句：Drainage schemes have helped to mitigate this problem.

排污系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)使問題得到緩和。

preclude vt. 防止，杜絕，使不可能prevent from happening; make impossible

例句：The secret nature of his work precluded official recognition.

他工作的機(jī)密性質(zhì)使他不可能獲得官方表彰。

glide n. 滑音，延長(zhǎng)（發(fā)音 ）

a sound produced as the vocal organs move towards or away from articulation of a vowel or consonant, for example j in duke dju?k

prolong vt. 延長(zhǎng)、拖長(zhǎng)extend the duration of

例句：We were having such a good time that we decided to prolong ourstay by another week.

我們過得非常愉快，決定再多待一個(gè)星期。

humanoid adj.類人的；具有人的形狀（或特征）的having an appearance or character resembling that of a human

intricate adj. 錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜的，盤根錯(cuò)節(jié)的；復(fù)雜精細(xì)的very complicated or detailed

daunting adj.看上去棘手難以處理、難以對(duì)付的；使人畏懼的；令人發(fā)怵的seeming difficult to deal with in prospect; intimidating

condescending adj. 行為表現(xiàn)出一種優(yōu)越感的acting in a way that betrays a feeling of patronizing superiority towards someone

例句：She thought the teachers were arrogant and condescending.

她認(rèn)為教師們傲慢自大且居高臨下。

determine vt. （尤指通過研究或計(jì)算）探知；確定ascertain or establish exactly, typically as a result of research or calculation

例句：The point of our study was to determine what is true, not what is practicable.

我們研究的目的是要確定什么是真實(shí)的，而不是什么是可行的。

stipulate vt. 規(guī)定（要求）（尤指作為合同或協(xié)議的一部分）demand or specify (a requirement), typically as part of a bargain or agreement

例句：He stipulated certain conditions before their marriage.

他在婚前訂立了一些條件。

affecting adj. 感人的，打動(dòng)人的evoking a strong emotional response

overreach oneself 伸手伸得過遠(yuǎn)；因做非力所及的事而失敗defeat one's object by trying to do more than is possible

例句：The Church overreached itself in securing a territory that would prove impossible to hold.

教會(huì)要得到一塊不可能保得住的土地，伸手過長(zhǎng)（不自量力），會(huì)失敗的。

conventional adj.傳統(tǒng)的，習(xí)慣的based on or in accordance with what is generally done or believed

inconsequential adj.微不足道的，無關(guān)緊要的；無意義的not important or significant

substantial adj. 很重要的；很可觀的，大量的；很有價(jià)值的of considerable importance, size, or worth

constrain vt. 限制；約束，束縛severely restrict the scope, extent, or activity of

例句：Agricultural development is considerably constrained by climate.

農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展在相當(dāng)程度上由氣候所限制。

constrict vt. 限制、抑制to stultify, stop, or cause to falter?同義詞為inhibit或restrict

例句：Too many rules had constricted her lifestyle.

太多的清規(guī)戒律限制了她的生活方式。

fabricate vt. （存心）捏造，虛構(gòu)invent or concoct (something), typically with deceitful intent

例句：Officers fabricated evidence.

官員們捏造了證據(jù)。

promulgate vt. （思想，事業(yè)）宣傳，散布，傳播promote or make widely known (an idea or cause)

例句：These objectives have to be promulgated within the organization.

這些目標(biāo)必須在機(jī)構(gòu)內(nèi)廣而告之。

Ingenious adj. （人）機(jī)靈的；有獨(dú)創(chuàng)性的；具創(chuàng)造力的(of a person) clever, original, and inventive

例句：He was ingenious enough to overcome the limited budget.

他足智多謀，足以克服預(yù)算有限的困難。

lament vt. 惋惜，表示失望express regret or disappointment over something considered unsatisfactory, unreasonable, or unfair

例句：She lamented the lack of shops in the town.

她嘆惜城中缺少商店。