2024IYPT第37屆國(guó)際青年物理學(xué)家競(jìng)賽賽題正式出爐！

2023年8月5日晚，IYPT官網(wǎng)（www.iypt.org）發(fā)布了第三十七屆國(guó)際青年物理學(xué)家錦標(biāo)賽（IYPT2024）的17道賽題。一起來(lái)看看吧！

IYPT國(guó)際青年物理學(xué)家錦標(biāo)賽

International Young Physicists' Tournament （IYPT）全球青年物理學(xué)家錦標(biāo)賽，也被稱為“Physics World Cup（物理世界杯）”，一項(xiàng)以中學(xué)生團(tuán)隊(duì)對(duì)抗為形式的物理學(xué)術(shù)活動(dòng)。它和國(guó)際物理奧林匹克、國(guó)際青年學(xué)生科學(xué)論文學(xué)術(shù)活動(dòng)并稱為三大頂級(jí)國(guó)際中學(xué)生物理學(xué)術(shù)活動(dòng)。學(xué)術(shù)活動(dòng)采取團(tuán)隊(duì)辯論方式進(jìn)行，又被稱為物理對(duì)抗（physics fight, PF)。它以培養(yǎng)參賽者的創(chuàng)新意識(shí)、創(chuàng)新能力、協(xié)作精神和實(shí)踐能力為根本理念。

IYPT學(xué)術(shù)活動(dòng)介紹

申請(qǐng)對(duì)象：

中學(xué)生

申請(qǐng)要求：

▪?每個(gè)受邀國(guó)家僅由一個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)代表參加IYPT；

▪?每個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)5名中學(xué)生組成，學(xué)生可以是本國(guó)國(guó)籍或者在自己代表的國(guó)家上學(xué)；

▪?每個(gè)隊(duì)需要有1-2名領(lǐng)隊(duì)，其中1名領(lǐng)隊(duì)需在Physics Fights環(huán)節(jié)中作為團(tuán)隊(duì)官方代表。

比賽形式：

比賽本身由幾輪比賽組成，這幾輪比賽被稱為"Physics Fights"。前五輪比賽被稱為 "選拔賽"。它們可以與足球比賽的小組賽階段相提并論。所有隊(duì)伍都要參加五場(chǎng)選拔賽。選拔賽后總分最高的三支隊(duì)伍進(jìn)入決賽，最終決出冠軍隊(duì)伍。

★ 選拔賽

在比賽開(kāi)始時(shí)，各隊(duì)抽簽組成小組，每組三隊(duì)。如果隊(duì)伍總數(shù)不能除以三，則組成一到兩組，每組四支隊(duì)伍。每組進(jìn)行第一次選拔賽（平行）。之后，各隊(duì)根據(jù)抽簽決定的方案進(jìn)行分組比賽。這個(gè)過(guò)程重復(fù)進(jìn)行，直到所有的選拔賽結(jié)束。

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IYPT 2024賽題

英文題目與中文翻譯如下：

01/?Invent Yourself /自己發(fā)明

Take a box (e.g. a matchbox), filled with identical objects (e.g.matches, balls, …). Find a method to determine the number of objects in the box solely by the sound produced while shaking the box. How does the accuracy depend on the properties of the objects, the box, and the packing density?

向一個(gè)盒子（如，火柴盒）中裝上同樣的物體（如，火柴或球）。找一個(gè)通過(guò)晃盒子時(shí)產(chǎn)生的聲音就能確定盒子里東西的數(shù)量的方法。這個(gè)方法的準(zhǔn)確性是如何受盒子中物體性質(zhì)和裝載密度影響的？

02/ Droplet Microscope /液滴顯微鏡

By looking through a single water droplet placed on a glass surface, one can observe that the droplet acts as an imaging system. Investigate the magnification and resolution of such a lens.

透過(guò)一滴放置在玻璃表面的水滴觀察，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)水滴能充當(dāng)一種成像系統(tǒng)。研究這種透鏡的放大率和分辨率。

03/Rigid Ramp Walker /剛性斜面行走器

Construct a rigid ramp walker with four legs (e.g. in the form of a ladder). The construction may begin to ‘walk’ down a rough ramp. Investigate how the geometry of the walker and relevant parameters affect its terminal velocity of walking.

搭建一個(gè)有四條腿的剛性斜面行走器（如梯子的形式），此結(jié)構(gòu)可以在粗糙的斜面上向下“行走”。研究行走器的幾何特征及相關(guān)參數(shù)如何影響其行走的最終速度。

04/ Charge Meter /電荷測(cè)量計(jì)

A lightweight ball is suspended from a thread in the area between two charged plates. If the ball is also charged it will be deflected to one side at a certain angle. What is the accuracy of such a device for measuring the amount of charge on the ball? Optimise your device to measure the smallest possible charge on the ball.

一個(gè)輕質(zhì)小球通過(guò)一根線被懸掛在兩個(gè)帶電板之間。如果球也帶電，它會(huì)以一個(gè)特定的角度被偏轉(zhuǎn)到一側(cè)。這種測(cè)量小球帶電量的裝置的精度是多少？?jī)?yōu)化你的裝置用于測(cè)量球上可能的最小電荷。

05/ Ping Pong Rocket /乒乓球火箭

A ping pong ball is placed in a container of water. When the container is dropped, the ping pong ball will get launched to a great height. What maximum height can you reach with up to 2 liters of water?

一個(gè)乒乓球放置在裝水的容器中，當(dāng)容器被釋放時(shí)，乒乓球會(huì)發(fā)射到一個(gè)很高的高度。使用2升水最高能達(dá)到多少高度？

06/ Non-contact Resistance /非接觸電阻

The responses of a LRC circuit driven by an AC source can be changed by inserting either a non-magnetic metal rod or a ferromagnetic rod into the inductor coil. How can we obtain the magnetic and electric properties of the inserted rod from the circuit’s responses?

交流電源驅(qū)動(dòng)的LRC電路響應(yīng)可通過(guò)在電感線圈中插入非磁性金屬桿或鐵磁桿來(lái)改變。如何從電路的響應(yīng)中得到插入桿的電磁特性？

07/ Giant Sounding Plate /大型發(fā)聲板

When a large, thin and flexible plate (e.g. plastic, metal or plexiglass) is bent, it may produce a loud and unusual howling sound. Explain and investigate this phenomenon.

一個(gè)大的、薄的、柔韌的板（如塑料板、金屬板或有機(jī)玻璃）被彎曲時(shí)，會(huì)發(fā)出響亮且不同尋常的呼嘯聲。解釋并研究此現(xiàn)象。

08/?Another Magnetic Levitation /另一個(gè)磁懸浮

Place a large disk-shaped magnet on a non-magnetic conductive plate. When a smaller magnet is moved under the plate, the magnet on top may levitate under certain conditions. Investigate the levitation and the possible motion of the magnet on top.

將一個(gè)大的圓盤(pán)狀磁鐵放在非磁性的導(dǎo)電板上。當(dāng)一個(gè)較小的磁鐵在板的下方移動(dòng)時(shí)，頂部的磁鐵在一定條件下可能會(huì)懸浮。研究頂部磁鐵的懸浮和可能的運(yùn)動(dòng)。

09/ Juicy Solar Cell /果汁太陽(yáng)能電池

A functional solar cell can be created using conducting glass slides, iodine, juice (eg. blackberry) and titanium dioxide. This type of cell is called a Gr?tzel cell. Make such a cell and investigate the necessary parameters to obtain maximum efficiency.

一個(gè)功能性的太陽(yáng)能電池可以使用導(dǎo)電玻璃片、碘、果汁（例如黑莓）和二氧化鈦來(lái)制做。這種類(lèi)型的電池被稱為Gr?tzel電池。制作這樣的電池并研究獲取最大效率所需的參數(shù)。

10/ Magnetic Gear?/磁力齒輪

Take several identical fidget spinners and attach neodymium magnets to their ends. If you place them side by side on a plane and rotate one of them, the remaining ones start to rotate only due to the magnetic field. Investigate and explain the?phenomenon.

取幾個(gè)相同的指尖陀螺，并將釹磁鐵固定在它們的末端。如果將它們并排放置在平面上并旋轉(zhuǎn)其中一個(gè)陀螺，則其余的陀螺會(huì)僅由于磁場(chǎng)而開(kāi)始旋轉(zhuǎn)。研究并解釋這一現(xiàn)象。

11/ Pumping Straw/吸管水泵

A simple water pump can be made using a straw shaped into a triangle and cut open at the vertices. When such a triangle is partially immersed in water with one of its vertices and rotated around its vertical axis, water may flow up through the straw. Investigate how the geometry and other relevant parameters affect the pumping speed.

一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的水泵可以將一根吸管折成三角形，并在頂點(diǎn)處切開(kāi)的方式來(lái)制作。當(dāng)這樣一個(gè)三角形部分浸入水中，其中一個(gè)頂點(diǎn)繞其三角形的豎直軸旋轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)，水可能會(huì)通過(guò)吸管流向上方。研究幾何形狀和其他相關(guān)參數(shù)如何影響泵水的速度。

12/ The Soap Spiral /肥皂螺旋

Lower a compressed slinky into a soap solution, pull it out and straighten it. A soap film is formed between the turns of the slinky. If you break the integrity of the film, the front of the film will begin to move. Explain this phenomenon and investigate the movement of the front of the soap film.

將一個(gè)壓縮的螺旋彈簧玩具（slinky, 俗名彩虹圈）放入肥皂溶液中，把它拿出來(lái)并拉直。彈簧的圈之間就形成了一個(gè)肥皂膜。如果你破壞了肥皂膜的完整性，肥皂膜的前端就會(huì)開(kāi)始移動(dòng)。解釋這個(gè)現(xiàn)象，并研究肥皂膜前端的運(yùn)動(dòng)。

13/ Shooting Rubber Band /發(fā)射橡皮筋

A rubber band may fly a longer distance if it is non-uniformly stretched when shot, giving it spin. Optimise the distance that a rubber band with spin can reach.

如果橡皮筋在發(fā)射時(shí)被不均勻拉伸而使其旋轉(zhuǎn)，它可能會(huì)飛行更遠(yuǎn)的距離。優(yōu)化帶有旋轉(zhuǎn)的橡皮筋可以到達(dá)的距離。

14/ Ruler Trick /尺子把戲

Place a ruler on the edge of a table, and throw a ball at its free end. The ruler will fall. However, if you cover a part of the ruler with a piece of paper and repeat the throw, then the ruler will remain on the table while the ball will bounce off it. Explain this phenomenon, and investigate the relevant parameters.

將一把尺子放在桌子邊緣，然后將一個(gè)球投向尺子的自由端。尺子將會(huì)落下。然而，如果你用一張紙蓋住尺子的一部分并重新投擲小球，那么尺子將保留在桌子上，而球會(huì)從尺子上彈開(kāi)。解釋這一現(xiàn)象，并研究相關(guān)參數(shù)。

15/ Wet Scroll /濕紙卷

Gently place a piece of tracing paper on the surface of water. It rapidly curls into a scroll and then slowly uncurls. Explain and investigate this phenomenon.

將一張描圖紙輕輕地放在水面上。它會(huì)迅速卷曲成一紙卷，然后慢慢展開(kāi)。解釋并研究這個(gè)現(xiàn)象。

16/?Cushion Catapult /氣墊彈射器

Place an object on a large air cushion and drop several other objects in such a way that the first object is catapulted away. Investigate how the exit velocity depends on relevant parameters.

將物體放置在一個(gè)大的氣墊上，然后丟下幾個(gè)其他物體，第一個(gè)物體會(huì)被彈射出去。研究彈射速度與相關(guān)參數(shù)的關(guān)系。

17/ Quantum Light Dimmer /量子光調(diào)節(jié)器

If you put a flame with table salt added in front of a vapour sodium lamp, the flame casts a shadow. The shadow can become lighter, if the flame is put into a strong magnetic field. Investigate and explain the phenomenon.

如果在蒸汽鈉燈前放置加入了食鹽的火焰，火焰會(huì)投下陰影。如果火焰放置在一個(gè)強(qiáng)磁場(chǎng)中，陰影會(huì)變得更亮。研究并解釋此現(xiàn)象。