菲爾茲（Fields）數學獎
最近關于數學的消息很多，先介紹當前最熱門的數學相關話題，接著介紹菲爾茲（Fields）數學獎的來歷，隨后介紹2018菲爾茲數學獎的情況與相關的奧數話題爭議，最后談談奧數又被躺槍的話題。
http://www.whb.cn/zhuzhan/xue/20180713/203753.html
2018年國際奧林匹克數學學術活動成績揭曉：中國第三，俄羅斯第二，美國第一
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At the 1924?International Congress of Mathematicians?(ICM) in Toronto, a resolution was adopted that at each ICM, two gold medals should be awarded to recognize outstanding mathematical achievement. Professor J. C. Fields, a Canadian mathematician who was Secretary of the 1924 Congress, later donated funds establishing the medals, which were named in his honor. Fields wanted the awards to recognize both existing work and the promise of future achievement, as a result of which it was agreed to restrict the medals to mathematicians not over forty at the year of the Congress. The Fields Medal was first awarded in 1936, to Finnish mathematician Lars Ahlfors and American mathematician Jesse Douglas. The next time the Fields Medals were awarded was in the year 1950 and has since then been awarded every four years on the occasion of the ICM. In 1966 it was agreed that, in light of the great expansion of mathematical research, up to four medals could be awarded at each Congress.
The Fields Medal Committee is chosen by the Executive Committee of the International Mathematical Union (IMU) and is normally chaired by the IMU President. It is asked to choose at least two, with a strong preference for four, such that it represents the diversity of mathematical fields. The official name of “Fields Medals” is “International medals for outstanding discoveries in mathematics”, and at times called as “Nobel prize for Mathematicians”. The medal is accompanied by a cash prize of CND$15,000.
There are some unique characteristics of the Fields Medal that make it different from a Nobel Prize. First it is awarded only every fourth year. Second, it is given for mathematical work done before the recipient is 40 years of age. Third, the monetary prize that goes with the Fields Medal is considerably less than the Nobel Prize. Fourth, the Fields Medal does not come out of Scandinavia. But the Fields Medal carries the same prestige in mathematical community as that of Nobel Prize in other areas since it is awarded by IMU the biggest mathematical association.
When the Norwegian Academy of Science decided to create a prize for mathematics in honor of Abel, they did so with the intention of rectifying what they saw as omission on the part of Nobel.
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1. 為什么大中華現在獲得IMO金牌選手那么多，至今沒有本土的獲獎？
2. 那么多的奧數選手為什么不能拿獎？
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很多人對比Peter Scholze與柳智宇兩者參賽獲獎與后續的成長經歷，就開始各種噴奧數教育，甚至噴北京大學的
轉載一些經典的評論：
一、天津南開大學數學系教授，中國奧數的奠基人和推進者，李成章老師的一句話“菲爾茲獎你們去問大學要，關奧數什么事！”
二 何中國多奧數金牌而無諾貝爾獎？
有人提出這樣的疑問：為什么那么多奧數金牌獲得者卻沒有拿到過諾貝爾獎。這有多方面的因素：
（1）09年有機構做過研究，結論為中國恢復高考30年的高考狀元中，在各領域取得成就者非常少。這一現象與獲得奧數金牌和拿諾貝爾獎的原理極為相似。高考取得好成績和獲得奧數金牌是一種學習行為，而要在某一領域取得成就或獲得諾貝爾獎則需要長期全身心地投入，進行長期的研究。
北京大學李偉固教授曾經拿跑步打過一個比方。學術活動只需要幾個小時，高考也就2天，類似于測試學生的短跑能力，而諾貝爾獎、菲爾茲獎的獲得則相當于測試學生的長跑能力，短跑選拔出來的人跑步會有一些優勢，但未必能做長跑冠軍。
（2）這一現象的出現還與國內目前的經濟發展水平相關。在國外，很多奧數金牌獲得者同樣是諾貝爾獎及菲爾茲獎的獲得者，但是我國很多奧數金牌獲得者沒有選擇繼續從事數學研究，而是選擇投身行政管理、金融等高收入領域。因此，在目前大家更重視工作收入的狀況下，短期內我國的奧數金牌獲得者仍舊很難獲得諾貝爾獎和菲爾茲獎。
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