Reactions of Benzene Arenes?are very stable compounds due to the?delocalisation of π electrons?in the ring This is because the electron density is spread out over the molecule instead of being conf...
Reactions of Halogenoalkanes Halogenoalkanes?are much more reactive than alkanes due to the presence of the?electronegative?halogens The halogen-carbon bond is polar causing the carbon to carry a p...
Esterification Esters?are compounds with an -COOR functional group and are characterised by their?sweet?and?fruity?smells They are prepared from the?condensation?reaction between a?carboxylic acid?...
Oxidation of Primary Alcohols The products of oxidation of?alcohols?depends on the class of?alcohols Here is a reminder of the three classes of alcohols: The three classes of alcohols Primary alcoh...
Equation of a Straight Line What is the equation of a straight line? y = mx + c?is the equation for any straight line m?is?gradient?given by “difference in?y” ÷ “difference in?x” or?dy/dx c?is the?...
Combustion of Alcohols Alcohols react with oxygen in the air when ignited and undergo?complete combustion?to form carbon dioxide and water Alcohol + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water Complete combust...
Polymers Addition polymerisation Addition polymerisation?is one of the most important addition reactions of alkenes which form the basis of the plastic industry Addition polymerisation is the react...
Hydration of Alkenes When alkenes are treated with steam at?300?oC,?a pressure of?60 atmospheres?and?sulfuric acid (H2SO4)?or?phosphoric acid?(H3PO4)?catalyst, the water is added across the double ...
Hydrohalogenation of Alkenes Alkenes?will react readily with?hydrogen halides?such as?HCl?and?HBr?to produce?halogenoalkanes This reaction is known as?hydrohalogenation? It is also an?electrophilic...
