Atomic Energy Levels Electrons in an atom can have only certain specific energies These energies are called?electron energy levels They can be represented as a series of stacked horizontal lines in...
The de Broglie Wavelength De Broglie proposed that electrons travel through space as a wave This would explain why they can exhibit behaviour such as diffraction He therefore suggested that electro...
Wave-Particle Duality Light waves can behave like particles, i.e. photons,?and?waves This phenomenon is called the wave-particle nature of light or wave-particle duality Light interacts with matter...
Photoelectric Emission The work function Φ, or threshold energy, of a material is defined as: The minimum energy required to release a photoelectron from the surface of a material Consider the elec...
Threshold Frequency & Wavelength The concept of a threshold frequency is required in order to explain why a low frequency source, such as a filament lamp, was unable to liberate any electrons i...
The Photoelectric Effect: Basics The?photoelectric effect?is the phenomena in which electrons are emitted from the surface of a metal?upon the absorption of electromagnetic radiation Electrons remo...
The Electronvolt The electronvolt is a unit which is commonly used to express very small energies This is because quantum energies tend to be much smaller than 1 Joule The electronvolt is derived f...
The Particle Nature of Light In classical wave theory, electromagnetic (EM) radiation is assumed to behave as a wave This is demonstrated by the fact EM radiation exhibits phenomena such as?diffrac...
Smoothing In?rectification, to produce a steady?direct current? or voltage from an?alternating current??or voltage, a?smoothing capacitor?is necessary Smoothing is defined as: The reduction in the ...
